Extensional deformation structures within a convergent orogen: The Val di Lima low-angle normal fault system (Northern Apennines,Italy)     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2014

A low-angle extensional fault system affecting the non metamorphic rocks of the carbonate dominated Tuscan succession is exposed in the Lima valley (Northern Apennines, Italy). This fault system affects the right-side-up limb of a kilometric-scale recumbent isoclinal anticline and is, in turn, affected by superimposed folding and late-tectonic high-angle extensional faulting.The architecture of the low-angle fault system has been investigated through detailed structural mapping and damage zone characterization. Pressure-depth conditions and paleofluid evolution of the fault system have been studied through microstructural, mineralogical, petrographic, fluid inclusion and stable isotope analyses. Our results show that the low-angle fault system was active during exhumation of the Tuscan succession at about 180°C and 5 km depth, with the involvement of low-salinity fluids. Within this temperature - depth framework, the fault zone architecture shows important differences related to the different lithologies involved in the fault system and to the role played by the fluids during deformation. In places, footwall overpressuring influenced active deformation mechanisms and favored shear strain localization.Our observations indicate that extensional structures affected the central sector of the Northern Apennines thrust wedge during the orogenic contractional history, modifying the fluid circulation through the upper crust and influencing its mechanical behavior.  相似文献   

Influence of carbonate facies on fault zone architecture     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2014

Normal faults on Malta were studied to analyse fault propagation and evolution in different carbonate facies. Deformation of carbonate facies is controlled by strength, particle size and pore structure. Different deformation styles influence the damage characteristics surrounding faults, and therefore the fault zone architecture. The carbonates were divided into grain- and micrite-dominated carbonate lithofacies. Stronger grain-dominated carbonates show localised deformation, whereas weaker micrite-dominated carbonates show distributed deformation. The weaker micrite-dominated carbonates overlie stronger grain-dominated carbonates, creating a mechanical stratigraphy. A different architecture of damage, the ‘Fracture Splay Zone’ (FSZ), is produced within micrite-dominated carbonates due to this mechanical stratigraphy. Strain accumulates at the point of juxtaposition between the stronger grain-dominated carbonates in the footwall block and the weaker micrite-dominated carbonates in the hanging wall block. New slip surfaces nucleate and grow from these points, developing an asymmetric fault damage zone segment. The development of more slip surfaces within a single fault zone forms a zone of intense deformation, bound between two slip surfaces within the micrite-dominated carbonate lithofacies (i.e., the FSZ). Rather than localisation onto a single slip surface, allowing formation of a continuous fault core, the deformation will be dispersed along several slip surfaces. The dispersed deformation can create a highly permeable zone, rather than a baffle/seal, in the micrite-dominated carbonate lithofacies. The formation of a Fracture Splay Zone will therefore affect the sealing potential of the fault zone. The FSZ, by contrast, is not observed in the majority of the grain-dominated carbonates.  相似文献   

青藏高原伦坡拉盆地沉积岩中烷烃氢同位素与藿烷甾烷类成熟度指标的关系     

马永嘉  贾国东 《地球化学》2014,(6):655-660

沉积岩中烷烃的氢同位素有潜在的古降水同位素意义,但是成岩作用有可能改变原始同位素信息,从而难以用于恢复古降水同位素。然而,判断烷烃氢同位素值（δD）是否受到了成岩改造作用在学术界尚无统一标准。本文以青藏高原中部伦坡拉盆地渐新世末期到中新世早期的沉积岩为研究对象,对样品中正构烷烃和植烷（Ph）δD值以及藿烷、甾烷类的成熟度指标进行了测定。Ph与nC18正构烷烃的δD值分别为–105‰-–139‰和–267‰-–324‰,两者间平均相差–170‰,暗示正构烷烃原始δD值基本处于未改变的状态。藿烷、甾烷类的成熟度指标显示样品在未成熟到低成熟范围内有较大变化,但各成熟度指标与 Ph、nC18正构烷烃的δD值之间的相关关系较弱,表明这些成熟度指标并不能很好地反映烷烃δD值是否遭受了改变。  相似文献   

断层输导作用与油气充注作用关系分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘震  张旺  曹尚  刘明洁  张威  董冬 《地质科学》2014,49(4):1302-1313

断层是控制油气藏形成的重要因素之一;断层的开启及闭合影响到油气运移与聚集的效率。但油气在断层中的运移与在砂层中的充注存在差异性这一问题长期被忽视。一般认为;只要发育断层;其断开的渗透层就会被油气充注;极少关注地层水和石油的压缩特性对充注的影响。本文提出;地下单断层活动时;深部油气在超压作用下以涌流方式难以快速充注进入中浅层被切割的砂体;因此;单砂体至少要存在一条断层作为泄水出口;石油才能通过其余断层充注进入砂体;即单砂体要发育两条及两条以上断层;石油才能注入砂体。在断层静止期;油气通过渗流方式沿特定深度范围断面垂向运移;对油气垂向运移距离影响较小。本文运用4个大型盆地的典型油气藏与断层分布关系讨论了本文观点。该观点对油气成藏规律研究及成藏目标评价有较重要参考意义。  相似文献   

郯庐断裂带(安徽段)内磁铁石榴角闪岩的形成条件、年代学及构造归属的探究   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  

聂峰  石永红  王娟  康涛  曹晟 《岩石学报》2014,30(6):1718-1730

通过对肥东群南缘特征性岩石——磁铁石榴角闪岩的构造地质学和岩相学研究表明,磁铁石榴角闪岩及其围岩以构造透镜体形式产出,该变质岩具有两个阶段变质矿物组合,热力学评价显示①阶段的温压范围为：T=616~700℃和P=0.66~0.85GPa,平均温压为T=653±35℃和P=0.75±0.09GPa。②阶段的温压范围为：T=597~643℃和P=0.51~0.94GPa,平均温压为T=620±15℃和P=0.73±0.15GPa,并表现出一个快速等压降温P-T演化特征。锆石U-Pb定年和拉曼光谱分析表明,该磁铁石榴角闪岩的变质年龄为2469±49Ma。结合地质背景和前人的研究,可以判定该类岩石可能源于华北板块。由于郯庐断裂的左旋走滑作用被构造并置与扬子板块中。从而进一步推测,郯庐断裂（安徽段）横向宽度可达到10~15km。  相似文献   

长江中下游宁芜火山岩盆地深部结构特征——来自反射地震的认识   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

梁锋  吕庆田  严加永  刘振东 《岩石学报》2014,30(4):941-956

宁芜火山岩盆地是长江中下游成矿带的重要组成部分,盆地内广泛产出玢岩型铁矿床。为探讨宁芜火山岩盆地深部结构,作者完成了三条穿越宁芜火山岩盆地的深反射地震剖面。三条剖面的长度不一,NW01剖面长度42km,NW02长56.3km,NW03长27.1km。三条剖面的排列长度都为720道,采样间隔2ms,记录长度16s。因为本文的主要研究对象是宁芜火山岩盆地上地壳的结构特征,因此只用了总记录长度的前4s数据。通过本次研究揭示了宁芜矿集区的上地壳精细结构、岩浆和断裂系统的空间展布形态。不仅验证了以往对盆地的部分认识,而且给出了新的认识。(1)发现了直接控制盆地火山-岩浆活动的南东和北西边界断裂并非人们经常认为的两大基底深断裂:方山-南陵断裂和长江断裂带,而是北西向F1和南东向F2断裂;(2)宁芜火山岩盆地以马鞍山-薛津断裂为界向北北东方向滑脱,造成了盆地南西高北东低的隆凹构造格局;(3)阐明了就位于盆地下方的为火山-岩浆活动提供补给和热源的岩浆房的空间展布特征;(4)清晰地厘定了盆地内的断裂系统,其中最主要的断裂是隐伏于宁芜火山岩盆地深部的控制深部岩浆活动的盆中基底断裂(BCF),控制着深部岩浆岩的空间展布格局并对宁芜火山岩盆地的地层和断裂系统有强烈地改造作用。本文的发现为宁芜火山岩盆地深部结构认识、成矿预测及成矿动力学分析提供了可借鉴的证据。  相似文献   

甘肃马坞金矿成矿流体特征及地质意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘坤  刘家军吴 杰杨尚松辛晓军李 渊 《中国地质》2014,41(5):1594-1607

位于西秦岭岷(县)—礼(县)成矿带西段的马坞金矿床,是近年发现的一个中型卡林型金矿床。矿体产出受NWW向断裂构造控制,其赋矿围岩为中泥盆统的千枚岩与灰岩。矿床流体包裹体研究表明,脉石矿物中主要发育CO2-H2O型和H2O溶液型包裹体;均一温度为135~389℃,盐度为4.4%~15.9%,为中-低温、中-低盐度流体;流体成矿压力为34.6~219.8 MPa,成矿深度为1.3~8.1 km。流体包裹体气相成分以H2O、N2为主,其次为CO2、O2,并含有少量CH4、CO等还原性气体;液相成分中阳离子以Ca2+、Na+为主,阴离子以Cl-和SO42-占主导地位,成矿流体为N2-H2O-Ca2+-Cl-体系。氢氧同位素测试结果表明,成矿流体的δ18O水为5.3‰~10.5‰,δD为-123‰~-93‰,成矿流体主要为热卤水。从流体性质及其演化来看,构造体制的转换使流体稳定体系发生改变与沸腾作用是造成金富集成矿的主要因素。  相似文献   

云南省施甸县摆田铅锌矿矿床地质特征及成因     

李星  王睿  和敬华  徐友智  胡兴涛 《云南地质》2014,(2):207-209

矿体赋存于上三叠统大水塘组顶部与中三叠统河湾街组底部断层接触带中,严格受构造控制.矿体呈透镜状～似层状,厚度变化较大.为一早期形成于断裂破碎带中后经地表长时间氧化淋滤叠加形成的热液—风化淋滤型铅锌矿床.  相似文献   

Evolution of neotectonic activity of East Anatolian Fault System (EAFS) in Bingöl pull-apart basin,based on fractal dimension and morphometric indices     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

This study is an attempt of a semi-automatic geomorphological GIS analysis based on morphometric indices. In the study, 10-m-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are used to assess the neotectonic signals regarding the recent topographic developments and to attach additional significance to active tectonics in the Bingöl basin area. The methodology incorporates the determination of the structural similarities of the faults in the basins using fractal concepts and the application of four morphometric indices (Stream Power Index (SP), Multi-resolution Index of Valley Bottom Flatness (MRVBF), Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI) and Valley Width-to-Height Ratio (Vf)). In order to detect the deviation from spatial randomness of the applied indices, the weighted correlation coefficient Moran’s I is used and the results are interpreted at a confidence interval of 99%. The spatial distribution of integrated index values is evaluated with the tectonically active fault zones in order to determine the probable activity and the structural deformation in the basin.The applied methodology reveals that the fractal analysis of the fault lines and the spatial analysis of the morphometric indices proved to be effective tools in analyzing the tectonic influence of the fault system on the basin area. Within the basin area, a relatively lesser degree of tectonic activity is observed, in contrast with the high tectonic activity outside the basin.  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics and genetic types of crude oils from Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields in the Lishu Fault Depression,Songliao Basin,northeastern China     

Wei Zeng  Haiyu Liu  Min Zhang 《中国地球化学学报》2014,33(1):103-108

The Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields are new Mesozoic petroleum exploration targets in Lishu Fault Depression of Songliao Basin, northeastern China. Currently, researches on geochemistry of crude oils from Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields have not been performed and the genesis of oils is still uncertain. Based on bulk analyses, the crude oils in the Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields of Lishu Fault Depression from the Lower Cretaceous can be classified as three types. TypeⅠoils, from Quantou and Denglouku formations of Qikeshu oilfield, are characterized by high C24tetracyclic terpane/C26tricyclic terpanes ratios, low gammacerance/C30hopane ratios, tricyclic terpanes/hopanes ratios, C29Ts/C29norhopane ratios and 17α(H)-diahopane/17α(H)-hopane ratios, indicating a brackish lacustrine facies. TypeⅡoils, from Shahezi Formation of Qikeshu oilfield show low C24tetracyclic terpane/C26tricyclic terpanes, high gammacerance/C30hopane ratios, tricyclic terpanes/hopanes ratios, C29Ts/C29 norhopane and C30diahopane/C30hopane ratios, thus suggesting that they originated from source rocks deposited in a weak reducing brackish lacustrine environment, or clay-rich sediments. Type oilsⅢ, from some wells of Qikeshu oilfield have geochemical characteristics intermediate between those two types and may be mixture of typeⅠand Ⅱoils.  相似文献